Orbitals And Bonds

Rendering orbitals and bonds as volumetric clouds. The volumetric density is proportional to the probability density from the wavefunction. Orange represents a positive value of the wavefunction, and blue represents a negative value of the wavefunction. Wavefunctions are obtained by analytically solving the time-independent Schrödinger equation for a single coulomb potential of magnitude Z_eff. The nucleus is small enough that a single coulomb potential is a close enough approximation of the entire nucleus (there is barely any final visual difference).